Author name: Ken Tan

Marfan Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects connective tissues throughout the body. It is caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene that produces fibrillin-1, a protein that is an essential component of connective tissue. Marfan Syndrome can affect multiple systems in the body, including the cardiovascular system, eyes, lungs, and skeletal system. The […]

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common type of birth defect, affecting nearly one in every 100 babies born worldwide. A hole in the heart, also known as an atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD), is a type of CHD that affects the structure of the heart. In babies with a

Low fetal heart rate at 6 weeks is a condition that can cause concern for expectant mothers. Fetal heart rate is an essential indicator of a baby’s health, and a low heart rate during early pregnancy may indicate a potential problem. While a low fetal heart rate at 6 weeks does not always lead to

Left-sided heart failure pulmonary edema is a serious medical condition that affects the heart and lungs. It occurs when the left side of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs. This condition can be life-threatening and requires prompt medical attention. The pathophysiology of left-sided heart

Diastolic heart failure is a condition that occurs when the left ventricle of the heart becomes stiff and unable to fill properly. This condition is also known as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is different from systolic heart failure, which occurs when the left ventricle becomes weak and is unable to pump

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a condition characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can lead to a variety of complications, including stroke and heart failure. While AFib itself does not cause a heart attack, it can increase the risk of one occurring. In fact, people with AFib are five times more likely

A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, can be a life-changing event. It is important to take steps to prevent another heart attack from occurring. While some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, there are lifestyle modifications and medical management options that can significantly reduce the risk of another

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, particularly in children and young adults. It is a complication of rheumatic fever, which is caused by group A streptococcal infection. The disease is characterized by damage to the heart valves, leading to heart failure, arrhythmias, and other complications. Research

Open heart surgery is a major medical procedure that requires a significant amount of time to recover from. Patients who have undergone this procedure may need to make certain lifestyle adjustments, including changes to their travel plans. One of the most common questions that patients have after open heart surgery is how long they need

Heart bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), is a common surgical procedure used to treat heart disease. In Singapore, heart bypass surgery is performed in both public and private hospitals. While the procedure is covered by insurance, the cost of heart bypass surgery in Singapore can vary widely depending on a